Option 2: Only B is correct

Michael: ‘So if this patient had a small mutation, like the one that causes cystic fibrosis, that wouldn’t show on a typical karyotype?’

Dr. Antoniou: ‘Exactly. You’d need molecular tests to confirm CF. We also need to keep in mind the limitations of karyotyping’

Ana: ‘Karyotypes only show changes we can see under the microscope at the chromosomal level.’

Michael: ‘That makes sense. We’d need additional genetic tests, like sequencing, for smaller changes.’

Dr. Antoniou: ‘Correct. Now that you understand these capabilities and limits, let’s finalize the karyotype for our patient and see whether a translocation or aneuploidy can be confirmed. Then we’ll return to the autosomal recessive trait calculations.’

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