Cell organelles

Prof. Jones: ‘Exactly. Under EM, we can spot nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and so on. Since ImmunoBoost is hypothesized to change T cell behavior, we’re especially interested in the visible changes in cytotoxic granules or other morphological markers.’

He points to a T lymphocyte killing a cancer cell using granules.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing. CTLs function by killing infected or cancerous cells by using cell–cell contact, release of cytolytic enzymes such as granzyme B. Perforin (stored in granules), forms pores in the membrane of a target cell allowing passive inward diffusion of granzyme B and triggers apoptosis of the targeted cell. (Thermo Scientific, https://www.thermofisher.com/cy/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-analysis-learning-center/immunology-at-work/cytotoxic-t-cell-overview.html)

Michael: ‘So we can assume that an EM has the required resolution and magnification then?’

Prof. Jones: ‘That’s a good point to consider Michael. Let’s see what you remember from your Biology class about resolution and magnification’.

Choose the correct comparison:

Option 1: electron microscope has approximately 1,000 X more resolution and approximately 1,000 000 Χ magnification of specimen than light microscope.

Option 2: light microscope has approximately 1,000 X more resolution and approximately 1,000 000 Χ magnification of specimen than electron microscope.

Option 3: light and electron microscopes have very similar resolution and magnification of the specimen of approximately 2000 X.